A lifespan-extending drug has limited effects on aging

Public release date: 25-Jul-2013
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Contact: Corinne Williams
press_releases@the-jci.org
Journal of Clinical Investigation

The immunosuppressive drug rapamycin has been shown to increase longevity in mice even when treatment begins at an advanced age. It is unclear if the extension of life also correlates with prolonged health and vigor.

In the current issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Dan Ehninger and colleagues at the German Center for Neurodegenrative Diseases evaluated age-associated characteristics in mice treated with rapamycin. They found that rapamycin improved memory and spatial learning, reduced thyroid follicle size, and reduced body fat in older mice. However, many of these same attributes were also improved in young mice treated with the drug, indicating an age-independent drug effect.

The prevalence of cancer, a common cause of mouse mortality, was also decreased in older treated mice. The authors did find that rapamycin treatment had no effect on several age related symptoms, including cardiovascular and liver function, loss of muscle mass, strength retention, or balance.

These data suggest that rapamycin treatment may increase lifespan through reduction of cancer rates, and the drug may be useful for relief of some age related conditions.

In the accompanying commentary, Arlan Richards of the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio suggests that clinical trials to study the effect of rapamycin on age related neurodegenerative diseases of the elderly such as Alzheimer's disease should be considered.

###

TITLE: Rapamycin extends murine lifespan but has limited effects on aging

AUTHOR CONTACT:
Dan Ehninger
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, UNK, DEU
Phone: +4922844302530; Fax: +4922844302689; E-mail: dan.ehninger@dzne.de

View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/67674?key=11202489766161120d01

ACCOMPANYING COMMENTARY

TITLE: Rapamycin, anti-aging, and avoiding the fate of Tithonus

AUTHOR CONTACT:
Arlan Richardson
University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
Phone: 210-567-3800; E-mail: richardsona@uthscsa.edu

View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/70800?key=b519b711c5e5ee8e8f70

---

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?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 25-Jul-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Corinne Williams
press_releases@the-jci.org
Journal of Clinical Investigation

The immunosuppressive drug rapamycin has been shown to increase longevity in mice even when treatment begins at an advanced age. It is unclear if the extension of life also correlates with prolonged health and vigor.

In the current issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Dan Ehninger and colleagues at the German Center for Neurodegenrative Diseases evaluated age-associated characteristics in mice treated with rapamycin. They found that rapamycin improved memory and spatial learning, reduced thyroid follicle size, and reduced body fat in older mice. However, many of these same attributes were also improved in young mice treated with the drug, indicating an age-independent drug effect.

The prevalence of cancer, a common cause of mouse mortality, was also decreased in older treated mice. The authors did find that rapamycin treatment had no effect on several age related symptoms, including cardiovascular and liver function, loss of muscle mass, strength retention, or balance.

These data suggest that rapamycin treatment may increase lifespan through reduction of cancer rates, and the drug may be useful for relief of some age related conditions.

In the accompanying commentary, Arlan Richards of the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio suggests that clinical trials to study the effect of rapamycin on age related neurodegenerative diseases of the elderly such as Alzheimer's disease should be considered.

###

TITLE: Rapamycin extends murine lifespan but has limited effects on aging

AUTHOR CONTACT:
Dan Ehninger
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, UNK, DEU
Phone: +4922844302530; Fax: +4922844302689; E-mail: dan.ehninger@dzne.de

View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/67674?key=11202489766161120d01

ACCOMPANYING COMMENTARY

TITLE: Rapamycin, anti-aging, and avoiding the fate of Tithonus

AUTHOR CONTACT:
Arlan Richardson
University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
Phone: 210-567-3800; E-mail: richardsona@uthscsa.edu

View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/70800?key=b519b711c5e5ee8e8f70

---

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?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-07/joci-ald071813.php

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House GOP considers food stamp work requirements

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Source: http://www.kvoa.com/news/house-gop-considers-food-stamp-work-requirements/

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Paul Quinn College farm supplies produce for AT&T Stadium

by SHELLY SLATER

Bio | Email | Follow: @wfaashelly

WFAA

Posted on July 25, 2013 at 6:06 PM

DALLAS -- Legends Hospitality and the newly-renamed AT&T Stadium are using these ingredients grown and harvested at the WE over ME Farm at Paul Quinn College.

"It's going to be picked today, and used this afternoon -- it doesn't get fresher than that," said AT&T Stadium Executive Chef Orazio LaManna.

Recipes for the Cowboys' menu depends, in part, on what's thriving here. Ironically, the land is the old football stadium at Paul Quinn.

George Wasai played ball here, and has been the Cowboys food manager for 23 years. He knew the land from running plays, and now it's for harvesting a healthier choice.

"If you are not going to play football on the beautiful soil like this, make use of it," Wasai said.

"When I tell people are largest client is Legends food and the Cowboys, they think I'm making it up," said Michael Sorrell, the President of Paul Quinn College.

And that's just the bonus.

Paul Quinn College students originally set out to address affordable, healthy food choices in struggling parts of Dallas.

"Where else can you look around and say, 'How can we solve the problems we are faced with? We can create our own garden,'" Sorrell said.

A garden he calls the "organic field of dreams," modeled after Yale University's sustainable food project.

"There is nothing that chefs want to do more than produce fresh food, and knowing where it is coming from," Orazio said.

E-mail sslater@wfaa.com

Source: http://www.wfaa.com/news/business/Paul-Quinn-College-farm-supplies-produce-for--217023731.html

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China: Where New Building Government Buildings Are Banned, And Official Reportedly Engage in Breast Milk Orgies

A series of stories recently help paint a picture of extravagance at the official level in China.

First of all, China has announced a 5-year ban on the construction of any new government buildings.

From Keith Bradsher at The New York Times:

China issued a directive on Tuesday banning the construction of government buildings for the next five years, the latest in a series of initiatives by President Xi Jinping to discourage corruption and foster frugality at a time of broad popular resentment against high-living bureaucrats.

Xi Jinping's attempt to crack down on opulent spending by government officials is well known. There were many reports about how the entire high end restaurant and banquet sectors of the economy went into freefall after a directive about cutting down on parties.

Meanwhile, two stories in WantChinaTimes.com, a Taiwan-based outlet that reports on Chinese activities shed light on the public pecadillos of Chinese officials.

This one is about breast milk orgies:

A reporter working for China's official Xinhua news agency has blown the whistle on sex parties held by wealthy businessmen to bribe high-ranking government officials, revealing details of activities such as drinking human breast milk.

Zhou Fang posted an article on his microblog on July 17 claiming knowledge of parties where officials would pay a 5,000 yuan (US$815) admission fee to engage in sex acts with young women and drink breast milk from young nursing mothers.

And this one (via Blake Hounshell) is about the man with 140 mistresses:

An official from Jiangsu province has set what is believed to be a record after authorities revealed that he had had more than 140 mistresses, including a mother and daughter, reports the Chinese-language Qingdao Financial Daily.

The dubious honor goes to Xu Qiyao, the former director of the Jiangsu provincial construction department. One of his mistresses had asked Xu to help her daughter find a job after she graduated from school ? which he did, after a fashion. Xu allegedly once boasted about this fact to friends when drunk and compared the sexual abilities of the mother and daughter.

Perhaps the most interesting part of that story is not the number of mistresses the official had, but rather the why:

Jin Weizhi, a vice-ministerial-level official, was said to have told people that there is no official at his level who doesn't have at least a few lovers. "It's not just for biological needs, it's a reflection of your status," he is alleged to have said. "Otherwise people will look down on you."

Mistresses have indeed in the past proved to be a test of an official's management skills and stamina.

Meanwhile, the Chinese manufacturing sector just hit an 11-month low.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheMoneyGame/~3/KpbaJQCxbCc/chinese-official-extravagance-buildings-mistresses-and-breast-milk-orgies-2013-7

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Study explains why Africans may be more susceptible to tuberculosis

Public release date: 24-Jul-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Steve Graff
stephen.graff@uphs.upenn.edu
215-349-5653
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Low expression of immune response gene 'MIF' increased risk for TB

PHILADELPHIAA researcher from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and colleagues have identified the genetic mutation in Africans with HIV that puts them at a much higher risk for tuberculosis (TB) infections.

Africans have some of the highest rates of TB in the world, and it has long been suspected that genetic susceptibility plays a role. However, establishing candidate genes across populations to gauge risk has remained a challenge.

Now, a new study, published this week in the online Early Edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that a commonly occurring polymorphism in an immune response gene called macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) confers almost a two-and-a-half fold increased risk for severe TB in patients from Uganda who were co-infected with HIV.

Low-expressers of MIF were almost twice as common among people of African ancestry as Caucasians.

"These results help explain the increased incidence of TB among this group," said Rituparna Das, MD, PhD, an instructor in the division of Infectious Diseases at Penn Medicine. "Moreover, this is especially important in people co-infected with HIV, who have a compromised immune system and also constitute the major public health challenge of controlling TB."

TB's prevalence is rising because of drug resistance and an increasing number of patients who are co-infected with HIV. People with HIV and latent TB infection are at a much higher risk for progressing to active TB disease, so identifying patients earlier and getting them in preventative TB treatments is a priority.

"Therapies to augment MIF action are under development, and may provide a new tool to combat the global TB epidemic," said Dr. Das.

Recently, Dr. Das received funding from the Penn Center for AIDS Research to further examine MIF in Botswana. The pilot project will examine the distribution of MIF genetic polymorphisms among HIV co-infected patients with pulmonary TB from the Botswana-UPenn Partnership site.

"With the high degree of TB exposure in that community, we hope to identify which patients are more likely to go on to develop active TB disease, and in the future, target these patients for preventive therapies," said Dr. Das.

###

The research published in PNAS was supported by the National Institutes of Health and the Burrough Wellcome Fund. A release on the PNAS study can also be found here.

Other authors are Richard Bucala, Bae Hoon Kim, Jie Yao, Lin Leng, Rebecca Levy, Charles Murchison, and John MacMicking of Yale University; Mi-Sun Koo, Selvakumar Subbian, and Gilla Kaplan of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Shevin Jacob of the University of Washington; William Burman of the University of Colorado; Christopher Moore of the University of Virginia; and John David of Harvard School of Public Health.

---

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?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 24-Jul-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Steve Graff
stephen.graff@uphs.upenn.edu
215-349-5653
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Low expression of immune response gene 'MIF' increased risk for TB

PHILADELPHIAA researcher from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and colleagues have identified the genetic mutation in Africans with HIV that puts them at a much higher risk for tuberculosis (TB) infections.

Africans have some of the highest rates of TB in the world, and it has long been suspected that genetic susceptibility plays a role. However, establishing candidate genes across populations to gauge risk has remained a challenge.

Now, a new study, published this week in the online Early Edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that a commonly occurring polymorphism in an immune response gene called macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) confers almost a two-and-a-half fold increased risk for severe TB in patients from Uganda who were co-infected with HIV.

Low-expressers of MIF were almost twice as common among people of African ancestry as Caucasians.

"These results help explain the increased incidence of TB among this group," said Rituparna Das, MD, PhD, an instructor in the division of Infectious Diseases at Penn Medicine. "Moreover, this is especially important in people co-infected with HIV, who have a compromised immune system and also constitute the major public health challenge of controlling TB."

TB's prevalence is rising because of drug resistance and an increasing number of patients who are co-infected with HIV. People with HIV and latent TB infection are at a much higher risk for progressing to active TB disease, so identifying patients earlier and getting them in preventative TB treatments is a priority.

"Therapies to augment MIF action are under development, and may provide a new tool to combat the global TB epidemic," said Dr. Das.

Recently, Dr. Das received funding from the Penn Center for AIDS Research to further examine MIF in Botswana. The pilot project will examine the distribution of MIF genetic polymorphisms among HIV co-infected patients with pulmonary TB from the Botswana-UPenn Partnership site.

"With the high degree of TB exposure in that community, we hope to identify which patients are more likely to go on to develop active TB disease, and in the future, target these patients for preventive therapies," said Dr. Das.

###

The research published in PNAS was supported by the National Institutes of Health and the Burrough Wellcome Fund. A release on the PNAS study can also be found here.

Other authors are Richard Bucala, Bae Hoon Kim, Jie Yao, Lin Leng, Rebecca Levy, Charles Murchison, and John MacMicking of Yale University; Mi-Sun Koo, Selvakumar Subbian, and Gilla Kaplan of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Shevin Jacob of the University of Washington; William Burman of the University of Colorado; Christopher Moore of the University of Virginia; and John David of Harvard School of Public Health.

---

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?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-07/uops-sew072413.php

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ARPA-E grant supports UCSC research on high-power solar energy

Monday, December 10, 2012

A $1.6 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E) will support research at UC Santa Cruz on the development of an innovative optical device for harvesting concentrated sunlight into an optical fiber for applications such as thermal storage, photovoltaic conversion, or solar lighting.

The device will enable efficient and flexible use of sunlight collected by solar concentrators, according to principal investigator Nobuhiko Kobayashi, associate professor of electrical engineering in the Baskin School of Engineering at UC Santa Cruz. It is based on a unique thin-film waveguide that collects sunlight and transforms it to match an optical fiber with minimum losses compared to traditional light-concentrating optics.

The project is a collaboration between the Baskin School of Engineering and two Silicon Valley companies, Antropy Inc. and Tango Systems Inc. Antropy is the exclusive owner of the basic patents for the technology used in designing and fabricating the new optical device. Based in Portola Valley, it was founded in 2007 by Ernest Demaray, who earned his Ph.D. in chemistry at UC Santa Cruz in 1978 and has been a Silicon Valley entrepreneur for several decades. ?Tango Systems, based in San Jose, is an equipment company specializing in production sputtering systems and thin-film deposition services.

The project involves a new way to use solar concentrators, which are typically deployed in massive projects in which a large array of mirrors concentrates solar energy on a linear absorber or a tower, where absorbed heat is collected for generating electricity. Kobayashi's plan is to collect concentrated sunlight and transmit it through optical fibers to be stored or used remotely without significant losses.

"The problem is that when you look at these two optical components, a gigantic mirror and a tiny optical fiber, the coupling efficiency is very low," Kobayashi said. "We are developing a very special optical coupling device that enables efficient collection of high-power, concentrated solar energy. This optical coupling device could change the way we handle solar light."

The novel optical coupling device is enabled by special optical thin films based on Demaray's patents. He began collaborating with Kobayashi in 2010 to develop applications for optical films with high refractive index and low extinction coefficient. Tango Systems is providing the specialized thin-film deposition system needed to manufacture the optical coupling device.

"This thin-film technology allows us to design an efficient optical coupling device that can't be made with existing materials," Kobayashi said. "People have been trying to make an efficient optical coupling device for decades, and now we have the technology and knowledge in materials science, as well as the manufacturing technology to do it."

Kobayashi's project is among 66 cutting-edge research projects funded by the highly competitive ARPA-E program this year. ARPA-E seeks out transformational, breakthrough technologies that show fundamental technical promise but are too early for private-sector investment. These projects have the potential to produce game-changing breakthroughs in energy technology, form the foundation for entirely new industries, and have large commercial impacts.

"With ARPA-E and all of the Department of Energy?s research and development efforts, we are determined to attract the best and brightest minds at our country's top universities, labs and businesses to help solve the energy challenges of this generation," said energy secretary Steven Chu in announcing the awards. "The 66 projects selected today represent the true mission of ARPA-E: swinging for the fences and trying to hit home runs to support development of the most innovative technologies and change what?s possible for America?s energy future."

Source: http://ee.soe.ucsc.edu/news/article/1921

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